By Junno Arocho Esteves
Sitting with head bowed and eyes closed, Pope Francis paid silent tribute to the victims of one of the worst atrocities of the 20th century.
The Pope arrived on 29 July at the Auschwitz-Birkenau Nazi death camp in Oswiecim, an area now blanketed by green fields and empty barracks lined by barbed wire fences, remnants of a horror that remains embedded in history.
Used by the Nazis from 1940 to 1945, the camp was the Nazis’ largest and consisted of three parts: Auschwitz I, where many were imprisoned and murdered; the Birkenau extermination camp – also known as Auschwitz II – and Auschwitz III (Auschwitz-Monowitz), an area of auxiliary camps that included several factories.
In 1942, Auschwitz became the site of the mass extermination of over one million Jews, 23,000 Roma, 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war and thousands of Polish citizens of different nationalities.
Among those killed were St Maximilian Kolbe, a Polish Conventual Franciscan friar, and Edith Stein, a Jewish philosopher who converted to Catholicism and became a Carmelite nun, and St Teresa Benedicta of the Cross.
Crossing the gate inscribed with the infamous motto Arbeit macht frei (“Work sets you free”), the Pope quietly sat on a small bench for 10 minutes with his head bowed, occasionally glancing sombrely around before closing his eyes in silent prayer.
He stood up, and slowly walked up to the wooden post of one of the barracks, reverently touching and kissing it.
The Pope then made his way to Block 11 to greet a dozen survivors of the camp, including a 101-year-old violinist who survived by being in the camp orchestra. Pope Francis greeted each survivor individually, gently grabbing their hands and kissing their cheeks.
Among the survivors was Naftali Furst of Bratislava, Slovakia, who was deported to Auschwitz and evacuated to Buchenwald in January 1945 before his liberation. Furst, who now lives in Israel, gave the Pope a photograph showing him and other inmates imprisoned in the Auschwitz barracks.
Pope Francis also signed a book for Furst before he made his way toward the “death wall” where thousands of prisoners were lined up and shot in the back of the head before their bodies were sent to the crematoriums.
Candle in hand, the Pope lit an oil lamp in front of the wall, before praying and laying his hand on the wall. He then turned around and entered the barracks of Block 11.
Also known as “the death block”, because the Nazis used it to inflict torture, it houses the cell where St Maximilian Kolbe spent his final hours, starved and dehydrated before being given a lethal injection of carbolic acid.
Pope Francis entered the darkened cell, illuminated by a faint light from the corridor, revealing a candle, an engraved plaque marking the site of the Franciscan friar’s death, and countless words – even a cross – etched on the walls by those who spent their final moments in the starvation cell.
Once again, Pope Francis sat in silence with his head bowed. Alone in the cell for eight minutes, he occasionally looked up to contemplate his surroundings.
Outside the cell, he signed the visitors’ book, writing a simple message: “Lord, have mercy on your people. Lord, forgive so much cruelty”.
Pope Francis then made his way to the Holocaust memorial at Auschwitz II-Birkenau, driven in an electric cart on a path parallel to the railroad tracks that carried countless men, women and children to their doom. It now leads to a monument that honours their memory.
To the left of the memorial lay the ruins of one of four crematoriums used to incinerate the bodies of those who died of disease or starvation or who were executed in the two gas chambers housed within the extermination camp.
The Pope approached the memorial to the victims, lined with 23 plaques, each inscribed with a message in a different language: “Forever let this place be a cry of despair and a warning to humanity, where the Nazis murdered about one and a half million men, women and children, mainly Jews from various countries of Europe.”
Passing each plaque, Pope Francis reached the end of the monument where he set a candle in a large glass bowl and once again stood in silence, clasping his hands together over his chest in prayer.
While he prayed, the voice of Poland’s Chief Rabbi Michael Joseph Schudrich echoed Psalm 130 in Hebrew throughout the camp. The psalm begins with a cry to God: “From the depths I have cried out to you, O Lord”.
The event ended with the Pope greeting 25 people honoured as “righteous among the nations”, a recognition of non-Jews who risked their lives to save Jews from the Nazi extermination.
Among those present for the solemn occasion was Rabbi Abraham Skorka, a long-time friend of the Pope from Buenos Aires.
Speaking to journalists on 28 July, Rabbi Skorka recalled a telephone conversation with Pope Francis in which he asked about the visit to Auschwitz.
“The Pope told me, ‘I am going to behave the same way I did in Armenia – the places where people were killed – I will remain silent’,” he said.
“From a theological point of view and from a Biblical point of view, this attitude means a lot,” the Rabbi said.
Pope Francis: Cruelty did not end at Auschwitz; it continues today
Humankind’s cruelty did not end with the Holocaust, but rages on in the suffering of those living through war, homelessness and persecution, Pope Francis told a crowd gathered on late 29 July outside the Archbishop’s residence in Krakow where he is staying.
“This cruelty exists today. We say: ‘Yes, we have seen cruelty, 70 years ago; how they died, shot, hanged or gassed’. But today, in so many places in the world where there is war, the same thing happens,” the Pope said.
His words came at the end of a day focused on the suffering of innocents. He had begun the day with a silent prayer at the Auschwitz-Birkenau Nazi death camp in Oswiecim, followed by a visit to a local children’s hospital and participation in the Way of the Cross with young people at Blonia Park.
Calling it “a day of sorrow”, the Pope said that, in following the Way of the Cross, Christians were united in Jesus’ sufferings.
However, Christ not only “suffered 2,000 years ago” but continues to suffer in today’s world.
“So many people suffer: the sick, those who are in war, the homeless, the hungry, those who are doubtful in life, who do not feel happiness, salvation or who feel the weight of their own sin,” he said.
Before unspeakable horrors and suffering – especially the pain of children who suffer – Christians may ask themselves why it happens, he continued.
“There are no answers for that question,” the Pope said.
The Pope also said his visit to Auschwitz-Birkeneau was a reminder of “such pain, such cruelty” that human beings are capable of inflicting.
“Is it possible that we men and women, created in God’s likeness, are capable of doing these things? These things were done. I do not want to make you bitter, but I have to say the truth. Cruelty did not end in Auschwitz, in Birkeneau. Even today, people are tortured; so many prisoners are tortured to make them talk. It is terrible!” he exclaimed.
“What I am telling you is a bit sad, but it is reality. But the fact that Jesus has taken upon Himself all these things is also a reality,” the Pope said.
Jesus loves everyone despite their sins, he concluded, inviting the young people to pray together for those who suffer from “so many bad things, so much wickedness”.
“When there are tears, a child seeks out his or her mother. We sinners, too, are children; let us look for our mother and pray to Our Lady together,” he said.